Earth and Space Science Experiments

In this lesson, students will learn how the physical and chemical characteristics of the Sun contribute to its lifespan.

In this lesson, students will compare a continuous line spectrum, such as a rainbow, with the unique line emission spectra produced by different elements. Using a spectroscope, students will observe, identify, and draw the emission spectra of several elements. They will then use spectral patterns to identify an unknown element. Finally, students will analyze spectral data from celestial bodies to explore redshift and blueshift and determine how the motion of objects in space affects the light we observe. Through these investigations, students will see how spectroscopy provides evidence about the composition and motion of stars and other celestial objects.

In this lesson, students will investigate how astronomers use the light from stars to learn about their composition, motion, distance, temperature, and brightness from Earth. Students will analyze spectral data and use provided graphs to identify the elements present in a star. They will explore how changes in a star’s spectral lines can provide evidence of its movement through redshift and blueshift and examine how brightness can provide information about a star’s distance. Students will also investigate the relationship between a star’s temperature and color and use a Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) Diagram to identify major categories of stars and their characteristics. Finally, students will use data about the Sun to plot its position on the H-R Diagram and compare it with other types of stars.

In this lesson, students will use common geological tests to identify known mineral samples based on physical properties such as color, hardness, streak, luster, and cleavage. They will develop a flow chart to organize the identification process and apply it to unknown mineral samples. Students will also research Alabama’s geological history, mineral resources, and important minerals found throughout the state, connecting mineral characteristics to Alabama’s mining industry and natural resources.

Students will examine rock types from different regions of Alabama and use a simulation of the rock cycle to explore how rocks form and change over time. They will investigate Alabama’s physiographic regions and analyze how the types of rocks found in each region contribute to the state’s geographic diversity. Students will connect rock formation, geology, and landforms to better understand Alabama’s unique physical landscape.